HomeMy WebLinkAboutBROOKWOOD General InformationME AC3
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DEPT. OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
[VIUNICY ARTY OF RAAN�HOFR�'C�PNA L OFF/ CE
DEPT. OF HEALTH &
ENVIRONMENTAL PROT';-Cf EON
OCT 1 4 1980
RECEIVEDOctober
1
National Bank of Alaska
ATTN: Danielle
Pouch 7-025
Anchorage, Alaska 99510
To Whom It May Concern:
, 1980
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❑
JAY S HAMMOND, GOVERNOR
437 E. STREET
SECOND FLOOR
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501
(907) 274-2533
P.O. BOX 615
KOD/AK, ALASKA 99615
(907) 486-3350
P.O. BOX 1207
SOLDOTNA, ALASKA 99669
(907) 262.5210
P.O. BOX 1709
VALDEZ, ALASKA 99686
(907) 835-4698
P.O. BOX 1064
WASILLA, ALASKA 99687
(9071 376.5038
PWS // 211520
I have inspected the Brookwood utility water system
and found it to be in compliance with all applicable
State regulations.
cc: Les Bucholtz, DHEP
JJ
18-091-H
Sincerely,
qtel ews
ujr
Environmental Field Officer
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0 z -• . Environmental Sanitation
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2. ARTICLE ADDRESSED TO:
Allen J. Harris -z..,-- A -/-4-e----- =/---=
tan - . a '1 .t. td !LL,efikre-
1n.,. r' Esage,_ .4.1mglea 9 5f}' . ',' 37 'i
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6. UNABLE TO DELIVER BECAUSE:
CLERK'S
INITIALS
,'Z cur: 1976 -0-203-456
March 11, 1977
Mr. Allen J. Harrison
Anchorage,
West llth Avenue
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Subjects Brookwood Utility
According to this department's water sample moniter list,
we have not as yet received a water sample for the above
subject well system for the month of February, 1977.
Our records indicate that you are responsible for turning
these mandatory samples in for the subject water system,
If you have not done so as yet, please obtain a water
sampling bottle from the State Lab, 527 East 4th Avenue,
as soon as possible and return the sample to the same
address for analysis.
If you are no longer in charge of the subject water
system, please notify us immediately to any name and/or
address changes.
If there are any further questions, please contact this
office at 279-2511, extension 224, or at the above address.
Thank you for your co-operation in this matter.
Sincerely,
William M. Dixson
Principal Environmental Control Officer
TWD/l j h
RECEIPT FOR CERTIFIED MAIL -300 (plus postage)
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OPTIONAL SERVICES FOR ADDITIONAL FEES
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350
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RETURN 1. Shows to whom and date delivered
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2. Shows to whom, date and where delivered
SERVICES With delivery to addressee only
DELIVER TO ADDRESSEE ONLY ..
50d
SPECIAL DELIVERY (extra fee required)
PS Form 3800
Apr. 1971
NO INSURANCE COVERAGE PROVIDED— (See other side)
NOT FOR INTERNATIONAL MAIL GPO) 1979 0 - 551.959
Municipality of Anchorage
MEMORANDUM
DATE: April 30, 1976
TO: MAYOR
THROUGH: DR. A. B. COLYAR
FROM: KEN NORMAN
SUBJECT: Brookwood Subdivision
fidavgmei
The attached notice of health hazard and declaration of
public nuisance relative to Brookwood Subdivision serves
two basic functions. First, it provides to property owners
of certain lots in Brookwood Subdivision formal notice that
the health authority recognizes and appreciates the gravity
of the sewer conditions about which numerous homeowners in
the subdivision have complained. Second, the notice facili-
tates the Department's ability to take prompt enforcement
action when necessary to eliminate standing and overflowing
sewage under the authority of two separate ordinances. The
Department has to routinely remind homeowners to maintain
proper pumping frequency of sewage systems to prevent
overflowing. Third, the document encourages both the
area residents and the Municipality to execute those steps
necessary for the provision of an adequate sewer system
in that subdivision.
MUNICIPALITY
OF
ANCHORAGE
OFFICE OF THE
MUNICIPAL ATTORNEY
Box 400
ANCHORAGE. ALASKA
274.2525
NOTICE OF HEALTH HAZARD AND
DECLARATION OF PUBLIC NUISANCE
TO: MUNICIPALITY OF ANCHORAGE AND PROPERTY OWNERS OF
BROOKWOOD SUBDIVISION
Whereas Brookwood Subdivision, located approximately
one-fourth of a mile east of the Old Seward Highway on Huffman
Road, Anchorage, Alaska, contains a community water system
developed during the late 1950s that was the subject of an
epidemiological survey conducted by the Anchorage Department of
Health and Environmental Protection during November, 1975, and
Whereas the data in the epidemiological survey, attached
hereto and made a part of this notice and declaration, provides
overwhelming evidence of widespread occurrence of septic tank
failures within Brookwood Subdivision at described sites due to
factors other than age of the system, and
Whereas those widespread septic tank failures not only
have lead to the occurrence of overflowing sewers and standing
sewage but also result in a risk of contamination of the
community water system through sewage filtration into ground
water supplies in the Brookwood Subdivision, and
Whereas, by the authority vested in me as the Health
Authority under §S 16.45.080 and 18.15.040 of the Greater
Anchorage Area Borough Code and as Director of the Anchorage
Department of Health and Environmental Protection, such condi-
tions may be declared a health hazard or public nuisance subject
to abatement.
Take notice therefore that the community water system of
the Brookwood Subdivision where described in the attached
survey as failing is declared to be a health hazard and public
nuisance that should be abated by providing the Brookwood
Subdivision with public sewer facilities with all deliberate
speed in whatever manner permitted by law and until that time
MUNICIPALITY
OF
ANCHORAGE
OFFICE OF THE
MUNICIPAL ATTORNEY
Box 400
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA
274.2525
by requiring these property owners of Brookwood Subdivision
to keep their properties at all times free of overflowing and
standing sewage.
A. B. COLYAR, M.D.
Director, Anchorage Department
of Health and Environmental
Protection
4441 IC '4
y-3o-��
DATE:
i UE zLiA'( MAR r^ a
1 U 1976
4.1
71/1
Municipality of Anchorage
MEMORANDUM
Maich 12, 1976
TO: Dr. A.B. Colyar, Director
THROUGH: Dr. Leroy C. Reid, Deputy Directo
FROM' Chief Sanitarian
File No.: 4-1
SUBJECT: Brookwood Subdivision - Health Hazard
This subdivision is 1/4 mile east of the Old Seward Highway on Huffman Road.
It was developed in the late 1950's with a community water system. The lots
average 12,000 square feet and on-site sewage disposal has been used to date.
Over the years as the subdivision has continued to develop the problems of
ground saturation and on-site sewage system failure have increased. The
soils in a majority of the area are a clay -silt type and surface ground water
is a problem.
During November, 1975 our department conducted an epidemiological survey
of this area (see attachment) .
This subdivision needs public sewer this year. In order to expedite this
matter and alleviate a serious public health problem I am asking that the
subdivision be declared a public health hazard.
The people circulated a petition for public sewer a couple of years ago but
nothing came of it.
Our department has discussed this problem with numerous homeowners
and they do not see why they have to tolerate these conditions. There are
sewer systems that have to be pumped weekly to prevent overflowing and
we routinely have to remind homeowners to maintain proper pumping
frequency.
This subdivision must be given priority for public sewers this year to solve
a serious public health hazard.
Declaring a public health hazard is one of the first steps toward getting public
sewer extended to serve this area.
old" Strickland, R . S .
Chief Sanitarian
RS/lw
Attachment
cc: Dale Merrell, Manager Sewer and Water Utility
Nov rnht r 16, 1975
.Rolf Strickland, It .S , . Chir..f Surlit:tripn
Environmental Control Offic..:r
;'.rr.oltt ood L1bcl.:iA;on ;'pici-!n:;i olhgicit Study
Attached is u report on the results of theta surv:'y T conducted to g sther information
on the c.perr,ttontgl hiEtory or septic tnrrk A,--;wn.Fre ciispopal :;rt,tcr:ts in Drookwood •
Subdivision. The cintr,;vas rsnalyzeil tiping the 'rirrsebce+rcr "Survival Curve"
tIchnique., with Rddittrn8t explanatory r^?text'tt drawn from three other source
totott in the teat of the report.
Z,'lw r::nee A. .lora s+
Erivirrn lent:xi Control (Officer •
LA.I/t.lw
I:I'll)I; 1101.0GR Ai, S'i't'ltl' UI' SEPTIC-TANI< C'li\-11'0\i, I't)I; BROOKWOOD SITBDiVISION
Purpose:
To determine the operational success of septic t:wk on-site sewage disposal systems
in the surveyed area. Tho data obtained establish the extent and locati n) Of problems
and :ire utilized to construct :I "survival (:ttr\'e" fui' the systems in the surrcycd area.
The procedure utilize(( :<tticly for ((Illstrtictiltl; a s,eptie teak survival curve was
adopted from art article by John 'I'. \tinnel)er'tger, Ph.D.. tvliiel) appeared in the July/
August, 1975 issue of the .lour'nal e1 l;nvirolitnentn1 lIe;itth .
Survey Arca
Originally the study was to include only Brookwood Subdivision, which is located off
of Gregory Street just north of Huffman Boned in Anchorage, Alaska. however. some
additional hone owners ;t i)(eeilt to but not in Brookwood Stihdivision were also
'contacted (see Figure t) .
Procedure
A door -to --door survey was conducted. Each home owner was ;given the opportunity to
complete the survey either immediately or send it back to the Department in ;.i stamped
return envelope. 1f no 000 was found who could at least deliver the survey to the
owner, it \vas left, where it could he found easily, with n return envelope and
instructions (survey included in appendix) .
1)efinitions ()I' Septic 'Tank Failure
A septic t:inl: is considered to have failed if sewal.;e daylights (appears) on the surface
of the. tgrc)und. This indicates tll:tt the drain field is not absorbing tlIC sewal;c properly.
A failure cart either be complete, meaniiii, the sewage e continues to ;accumulate over a long
period of time, or periodic, meaning failure occurs periodically followed by reabsorption.
In addition, having to pump a system more than once n ye.tr also constitutes a failure.
Survey Statistics
Niin bee of surveys; delivered: (,(,
Number of sttt've,'- returned: 51
Percentage. returned: 79 ,
introductory Comments
Prior to nudot't;ticing this survey , there had been a well documented history of complaints'
relating to the ung;:,tip;f:,c'tul'1' aper:ition of :eptie tanks in Brookwood Subdivision. )1
petition to create a Lateral Inwrovement Distr'ic't. whirl ivouid 111;11<e pul)lic sew(:r nvail:rble
to the subdivision, has 1)00.11 approved 1.)y the property owners. Before the petition could
he approve(( by the then i,or(O;gh Asscnll)ly , ;u' 4,rdirtaitc'e way; passed 1 w iclt 1)1:1c,eci :►
moratorium un any further public se\1'Ol'illg Of the "hillside ;lt't.';i" lllntil a comprehensive
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I:tucl '.v s devoltrltcttl, v:hieh c.uulri be used to guide development,
The latter action has, in effect , left the residents of l,ronl;tvooel tvith no recourse,
This being they case, it teas; nut surpritiinf; that the re:tt•tion to the taking of this survey
was generally favorable. it \v:+!:, c•xplainc<i to those 1tei111.. s;t►t'"yrd that the findittt;'s
ttould help to detcrn►it►c; thtsrc diel dist ,tt1 itatni:dinte or potential health hn,:arcl.
ICitc:t► :;nalyzitlg the results of the survey , in relation to the predominant physiographic
characteristics occurring. in the ><ttt•\'e'' area. 1 t'tinc'.nt infora1'ttie>!t aIld analysis tve-'r'e'_
dt•:twn from the follotvittl; three sources:
1. :\ recent t'c.'pot•t (open fila report.75--105) entitled, ilydrology for Land -
Use Planning: Thr,. lulls;ide Area , Anehorave, Alaska , prepared by the
U.S. 1)epartment of the Interior. Geological Survey in cooperation with the '
(greater :\nchorago Arca fiorotIgh;
2. r\ topographic map of the survey area prepared by t\'f1ke.r :\las1c;t. Inc.,
of Anchorni;c .:\ I:+sk:► from :+ 1971 aeri:tl photol; rapl►;
3. A memorandum prepared by ftc,i�rrtl . ?�r:tlt i?►tvironrncnt:►1 Control officer Ill,
concerning an on--sit0 investigation he conducted within the survey area. The
aerial photograph and ntcn►ot'andutn are included in the appendix to this report.
Construction and Interpretation of the Septic -Tank Survival Curve
sc'lttic:• t0nk survival curve is constructed from data t'ldoh provides information on the
operational history of existing and past septic systems in the survey area. Along with
the age of till systems which have failed. the age of all existing- satisfactorily operating'
systems is determined. 1►1 those irtstanecs \vherc a system failed ;Ine.1 either ,a.new system •
was installed or the existing system was upgraded, the resulting;' system is consi.dcreel a
new system and its age is calculated accordingly.
The latter data are grouped into ag'e intervals. The size of the age intervals varies
depending upon the overall age of development in the survey area. Systems which
have failed fall into one of these intervals based on their age at the time of initial
failure. Successfully operating systems tvi11 lilcetvise have reached 0 particular age
interval at the time the survey is taken.
Phis operational (1;tt:t for l'rooktvuod appears in Table 1. r\ three year time interval %vrts
chosen he'c:;)i) .0 it i,t•ovided for 0 l;4,oc1 data spread. In c alctilati►►ls; 1110 age of systems at
the time of initial failure and the ag;e of tilos,' Ilit•h h:+(l stieees.s;fully operated, any part
of ;t year teas considered to 1)0 :t full yc`ar of operation.
The next stop in constructing 0 septic: -tame survival curve involves making; 0 determination
of that percentage of systems which continues to opQrOto into successive age intervals.
These surviving.;' percentages ore that plotting against lithe to alit:tin the survival curve
1.0i' the septic -Lank systems in the l'roolcwuod survey area.
The follo\Vi►►ts; preeeiltn•e ;Intl c•:Ilc'ttlatiuns are \ISt'd tt+ dal"t'►nint' the sut•vivinl, pe► ct�iit;iges
for each ;Ig.0 inion\':tl (se'e Table 11) .
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OPE ' [Oi;P,I_ DATA FOR THE. I;DOOKWOOD '[.Y ARCA
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NER 15
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1 . Ity addin'' th ' number of sys;te'nlr, which ha( ,i rr
I 1 and were l•;orlcing in
each a;;•(_ tle•t'•,';t1 , find 1totii the number
interval :lnd the lc)t:ll number rtl' installation�,�.l;tnllatirl►1s in rich age
rind the number of installations re;l(:hint; each age grclnp. 'Phis is ne=
romplis,h('d by taking. the t()tnl number r,l' installations as the starting
point (l .e. , :Ill tiytit('il1S re(tClied the lil'st ;t(;'t intel'l';11) , sul)tr;lcting•
tfle tlulilbOi' or instill:ltiolls in the first •;11;(:' interval to get the numbel'
reaching tht' st'0111(1 al;.e! inter \';11 , a11(1 :;t, e,n nrtf i l (11x: number reaching
OW fillal ;1 E; e' !''t'OUI' is round.
9.
3. 1'iild the total nurnite,r or systems which failed in esieh age (;roup.
•!.
For each age interval calculate a ('ailing quotient by dividing the
number of systems lvhich failed in each ago iiilery;Il by the number of
systems which reached that nge interval.
5. To find the 1)err'('►ttaf"e of systt'ms survi 'Irl in t':Icll a l' ±
)(.:((alae:, systems l f ( inlcrval, the
1 „e. of systems; which failed in the preceding i
from the percentage or systems •`;U1'1'IV1i'�• �, interval lti slll)traiaeCl
interval , the survivingpercentage. �, inlet that interval. In the first age
f is, of mitt: rsr' . 100. The percentage of
systems which failed in the first age interval is round by multiplying the
failing• quotient for the first :tt;e interval hy 100.
1'hc percentalte. surviving into the second are
systems interval found by sub—
tracting the percentage which (ailed in the filtitr interval lll fro)•100. .(tis gives the percentage of surniving into the second age interval.
Again in turn. the percentage which railed in the. second rite'
' '� r,(, itltet•vnI is
round by Multiplying the failing quotient r
)ocdan;(' ' 1 rtt far (.1e second age interval by the
! r•( of systems surviving into the second age interval, and so on. -
19efore examining the survival data for the Brookwood surv(
reader must realize that the operation of a septic tank syst('nyislnot s iinnl in Table Il, the
successful operation( or failure. Systems generally have varying flY n questdin of
upon their design capacity, materials used, and soil absorption characteristics.e!)endint;
The severity o1' septic t;u11c failures in the Brookwood .survey area is evident from the data
in both Tables i and II. in Table I, with the exception orOm"over 15" ;Ir'e inter
each time period the number of inst;tllations tvhich had railed exceeded the nuntberlof thtose
inst;rlln•tions which were working satisfactorily.
One of the more surprising findings is that 31';, of the: systems failed within the first
age interval, 0-3 veal's. To put it simply the (1:11;1 indicates That nearly ;t third of the
sceptic -tank systems installed in the Brookwood survey area should fail prior to entering
their fourth year of operation, This rapid ante. of attrition is ch;t1 mcteristic of an • • n},
experiencing' serious septic Wink operational problems. �u err
A comparison of the m•er all results to rl:it;t from a sinriliar study done in Engle River,
Alaska (i.e. , Eagle Valley Lateral Improvement District 50-10) further Substantiates
this conclusion. While the findings from- the l;roolwoucl survey suggest that jt.tst •
slightly over 53'1,, of the septic•-tanlc.systems installed in the survey area will continue
to operate satisfactorily into their seventh year of operation, the corresponding figure
for the study clone in Palle liver was 7,1./16. Assuming; that the quality of the septic -tank
installations in both study areas is fairly uniform. this (viola' difference must are attribut-
nble to variations in soil. tot 'I;m}rieal. and/or hydrological ic:rl chnr•ncicr'istics (Note: This
assumption is based on the fact that ;r -major' portion of the development in hath subdivi-
sions occurred after 1968).
To obtain the septic -tank survival curve, the surviving percentage for ench age interval
was plotted against time. The resulting curve is pictured in Figure 2. You will note that
the 1009, surviving point was plotted at time 0-3
years. The curve does indicate that the
failure of septic -tank systems in the 1;rookwood study area displays the expected direct
relationship (i.e. , the probability of failure increases with the passage of time). Apart
from the inconsistent jump in the 13--15 year age. interval . the t'•r;rph is nearly.a straight
Iitre. It does suggest that fear s:\':;trms will operate successfully for over 15 years.
It must be reemphasized. tint the surviving percentages and the survival curve constructed
from them show nothing; mucro than the probable rate of septic -tank failure based on the
data gathered from the survey. !While it does provide ;e valuable piece of information for
•
making policy decisions regarding the continued use of septic -tank systems in the survey
area, the survival data, as presented. does not help to explain why, apart from the
effects of age, Irby the failures ;n'e occurring.
• In attempting to answer the question why , information on the general soil, topography,
and hydrological characteristics of the survey area must be coupled with information
•
describing the location and distribution of the failures, the nature and the extent of each
failure, and the apparent cause of each failure.
General Comments:
Location of failures:
The location of each septic --tank failure in the Brookwood study area is shown in Figure 3.
There is a further differentiation made between those systems which are now failing
(darkened F) ;rnd those which have failed in the past lout are now operating satisfactorily
(darkened S). ,\n asterisk appears. where the existing system is not the original but an
-upgrade of the original or ;r previous system. No ;asterisk indicates that. pumping has been
the only corrective action taken.
.
The most serious problems are occurring ;dung Rainbow Avenue in Blocks 1 and.4 of
Brookwood Subdivision. A\ majority of the !home owners have been unable to correct
their failing systems.
• E IORE 2
SLI RVIVA1. CURVE FOR THE BROOI.1'IOO[) SURVEY AREA
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LEGEND
ES:' 1 Pw,l ss}c..m Ftvi�a-c •— Oi)u-aA nJ soa�5�oc\or�1 o.S 4Qr P�m�nJc
� E
:_Q!t: sys}cln I-u�\ •t• U�'�cu``\• Sy�Aern OpErcci;n5 Sq{isSoLlonttY
fSl
C� S}Eln q,(1 S1,1,sIrS rc J. {orr No 1�rs tory oS Scmkf
7-7N-1
_NJ 4. 4; 0�1r,1.1. pr Ai.nc n} loc4c�� 1(&rrnr %ion
VGrGr1E or survey not re4\frneci
Nature and Extent of The F iili►ros
In order to better understand the implications of the distribution pictured in Figure 3,
n further explan:rtion of the data is needed. An ex:uninatio►1 and n crnnpal'ison of'the
operational history mid present operating status of the systems, by block, would seem
most appropriate.
"There are a total of twenty homes located in Mock 1 of Itrookwoocl Subdivision: valid
data was collected for fourteen of these homes. All of the home of%tlCI'S stated that
their septic tank systems had failed or we►•e f:tiling;'. Only three individuals had been
able to correct the drl'ieicueies ill their sys
tents. In earl) ease this was accomplished •
by upgrading the original system. Two of the systems lute's, over eight years old at
the time of upgrading; the third system had been in operation for four years.
Three of the 11. septic tank systems that are now failing;' in block 1 were upgrades of
the original systems. 'Therefore, the total number of failures among the fourteen homes
surveyed was seventeen. This gives a foiling percentage (not related to survival curve
calculations) of 85`, just within Mock 1 of itroot:wood Subdivision.
The age data for the fourteen systems that have been installed at the I1 sites which are
now failing indicate that old age is not the reason for the high incidence of failure. Only
four of the systems haci been in operation for more than three years prior to failure.
Another four failed in their first year of operation.
As in block 1, there have been a significant number of system failures in ]flocks 2
and 3 of Brookwood Subdivision• Out of the 1h hours owners who responded to the
survey. 15 noted that their system had failed. However, only three of these individuals
were unsuccessful when they niteilrpted to correct the situation. in all hut one instance,
the home owners trho were stic i.essful had upgraded their system by installing;. a new
drain field or trench. 'Three additional failures were added into the record because
000 satisf•actor•ily operating upgraded system was not an upgrade
and two upgraded -systems are presently failing. of the original system
Unlike those failures in block 1, the failures in blocks 2 and 3 are, no doubt, due
primarily to the age of the systems. As was noted previously. n11 but four of the
failures in block 1 occurred within three years after install:ction. in contrast , 16
out of the 18 system failures in Blocks 2 and :3 took place after the third year of
operation.
The pattern and frequency of septic talk failures in Block 4 of Itrool:tvooci Subdivision
is very similar to than found for bloc]: I . All of the failures, save one, have occurred
on the east side of It:rinhow ,vertu, ;tad all of these systems have continued to fail after
ulrt;rading. In actsal ntrnticc•rs. five of the ten respondents from block •1 reported that
their existing;• system tvas failing. 'There were 0 total of 11 failures recorded for block 4
because all the presently failing systems are upgrades of the original systems which ..
failed .
A\`,'was the case for block 1 , the age distribution of the failures in bloc]: 4 (loos not
correlate with the high incidence of failure (i.e. , 1) of the 1 i failures occurred within
the first three years of operation).
1'�itb resl>rrt t() 11o1'liocr of t!i>• :urvr,y :iron u' nhost si;tnificant finding'
is that syster:hs o>11 lots directly behind and adiaeent to Int:: on the east side of bloke 4
have failed or ore failing.
A of the failure- to -age data for each o1• the blocks in ltrookwo0d Subdivision
and the 1'em:►ining portion of till` survey is l;iveri in hhlr Ii1. Note the correspondence
between the data for Blocks 1 ;incl 4 (13i ok vood) and ltlocks `' and 3 (Itroolcwood) .
11'hile in the latter , age appears to be the primary fac'toh• pearling;' to failure, in the
former, there k a i-,trnne. indication that factors other than age are causing premature
failure.
Another measure ()I' the degree to which a system has failed is the frequency ;it which
n system must he pumped. Al:>nv of the respondents could not begin to count. the number
of times their systems had been pumped. For example, the people living on the upper
end of block 1 pump their systems, on the average , about twice a month.
as wot►1c1 be expected, the freclt►0ncy of pumping. increases significantly in -tile spying
wlien runoff is heavy. 'There was also cunscnsus ;111i011g the retiponderits
that fall teas a particularly difficult period.
C:haracteristics oI' The Physical Environment
R1uch of the following discussion concerning the physical environmental characteristics
of the survey area was inferred from the findings and data presented in the pl.eviously
noted USGS publication, hydrology For ',and -Use Planning;: The Hillside arc:►,
Anchor;►1_;e, Alaska. I)irret transfer adata was not possible 1>c'cat.►se the area
described in the publication lids directly guest 01' the itr'ookwood survey boundaries.
However, when rnal:ii>.g interpretations and recommendations, the authors generally
extrapolated their findings to include the entire hillside area.
"The general Ilillsiclr area consists of westward sloping land tlnit is bordered by
'1'tu'trng:Lin Arai 011 the south and west and 1>y the (.'htrgach Mountains on the cast"
(Ilillsic(e Study , p. 1) . This open is pictured in Figure 4.
The two primary purposes of this discussion arc: 1 . To familiarize the reacler with the
general pliysiograpbic characteristics of the lirook.00cl survey arca, and 2. '1'o introduce
possible explanations for the septic tank operational history . as presented thus far, based
on the prevailing physiographic.: features,
The three physiographic features that have the greatest influence on the operation of
septic tames irh any particular arca :bre the predominant soil types present and the
prevailing. topographical and hydrological characteristics.
Unconsolidated glacial sediments comprise most of the surficial deposits in the Hillside
01.0.0. Generally these unconsolidated materials contain poorly sorted rock particles
and have low permeability (11111side Study , p. 3) .
From l'eviewint:' the soil test records for the study ore:. it appears that the l;'errer:il
surficinl soil types ill the ItrooI:wood survey arra tvotilcl elan;sified as unconsolidated
l i1C11 1 1 I
_la'�Cur : 1 _Ili oak)rf.'.Y„i___
O-3
10-1a
13-15
OVER 15
1
FAILURL-TO-AGC DATA
U.S.G.S. STUDY ARE
Source: Hillside Stud
,//• �.? '�.
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t,,It t •S�
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•
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• jam' •j� '�'
'/. /'i 4'S\
/t'r
';)i't`. nr(q «••JI:ttEi) Or rf.rj((!
4114 a (O'•/ a! n ns 110 1..111 .1 r••i.'r,r5
'
a `.'S 6 7 Kuck/, rut.
glacial deposits, commonly referred to as till. Under an organic overburden, which
varies from nearly zero to three feet thiel; , the soil i:; described as a gravelly to fine
sand. for the most part, this sand i;; not "clean". meaning it contains varying amounts
of silt and clay. Upoii further examination, a very significant locational pattern; relating '
to soil suitability for nn -silo sewage disposal, emerged. . The surficial sands and gravels
in Blocks 2 and 3 of Brookwood Subdivision are relatively clean to very clean. In contrast,
those of Block 1 told on the east side of Block 4 contain moderate to high levels of silt and
As the percentage of silt ;hod clay increase in sandy soils, the soils' capacity to absorb
liquids increases, but their ability to percolate and, thereby , drain off liquids decreases.
During tunes of heavy surface runoff, these types of soils can easily become saturated
(hillside Study , I►. 26). Herein. lies a partial explanation for the high incidence of
failure and the short operational lift:spans of .Septic tank installations in the latter two
.areas.
'1.'opographie configorations and hydrologic drainage patterns that are commonly
associated with unconsolidated glacially derived deposits in the hillside arca are
summarized in Table IV ,. along tvitll their impact on liquid waste disposal.:. The
conditions outlined tinder each 01 the headings describe fairly accurately the
conditions that do exist in the Brookwood study area.
'.1'o provide a better picture of the topographic features and resulting drainage pattern,
a recent topographic Wrap of the survey area was included in the appendix. It will
help the reader to more fully understand the discussion which follows.
A large portion of the survey ;ire:, is , in fact, located on land having ;t southwesterly
slope of less than 1 percent . Slopes of greater than 5 percent occur in the following
two locations: 1. Iltrr:rning northwest to southeast across the western half and south-
east corner of Block .1, Brookwood Subdivision; and 2. lnrnrcdinle,ly behind Lots 4, 5,
and 6 of Block 1 , Brookwood Subdivision.
Outside the l.ounda;•ies of the survey area there rrre (significant topographic features
that also influence the resulting drainage pattern. The most striking of these is the
sharp down-slope directly west and south of Gregory Road (i.e., slopes of from
5-15 percent on the south noel 25-45°; on the west) .
The other interesting feature is the presence of what is referred to as hummocky
topography south of Rainbow Avenue. An area of hummocky topography is so
designated because a snide range of slopes 00001' 5inrtr1l:tnt'ou5ly in one area. "Slopes
range from nearly flat on the top of hills and bottoms of depressions to Steep on hill-
sides" (hillside Study, p. 31) .
To sttmrrtarize, the 13roo1:tt'c►od survey area is located on the ivester'n edge of what.is
essenlinlly a glacial uutw:sh plain. 'I'lre general localitnr of this outwasll plain can be
Seen ill Figure 5. •
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The: clr ainnl;e pattern in the survey area i:; ;;u).h that the land area immediately behind
Rainbow Avenue, running south frorn ktntt Road, receive:: the majority of the runoff
coming;' from the upper areas; to the tees;t. ,1 small stream actually runs behind the
properties. The stream drains away from the properties south of R:1i11bow Avenue
(sec Figure 13) . In:i h qu:ttc drainatie of this adj:wwi( 1:%rid is the major factor
contributing to the failure of septic tanlc.syst(n)s :dont.; Rainbow Avenue.
'Alan -made alterations OI' the (Ir:rilla!;e pattern have compounded the problem by further
hinderint; the, soils' ability to, absorb surface v.atet• runoff'. This man -caused alteration
involves ;1 hind filling; operation taking;. placer in and around the lanes south o1• Rainbow
Avenue. '1'h,,r roc:rtic)n oI' the ;n:tjor• and minor fill areas are pie:turc'd in Figure 7. (Robert
P. Neale field observations and 1;1cu1orandunt of O(•tobe r 9. 1,x7:1
Apart from decreasing •
the total effective area :available for al)sol•ption. the %veil{ht of the fill is further restricting
su1)Sl'fuce percolation of the surface water t:..hich is absorbed. These man-made
alterations of the aiready poor drainage conditions, coupled \vitt' the existing poor soil
conditions, have combined to raise the f;•r•ound tvotr:r t:tl)1e.
It would 1)0conjectut r to say that the effluent not being absorbed by the .failing septic
tank systems is flc)tvin;;• into the primary ground water su )1)ly serving
1 „the sul)division's
community well system. '}'here is the possibility that conditions :1'c such that :1 somewhat
artificial but isolated %•;:iter• table has been produced. None -the -less, the potential for
contamination of the drinking;' water supply doe's exist.
it may be possible to partially improve the (11•airmit.e problems by completely filling the
existing swampy area, leaving; just enough room to allow for free flow of the 'stream. The
upper end of the.swampy are:, would be filled initially. This would restrict the flow of
runoff into the area and, in time, hopefully lower the neater• table (Robert P. Neale
field observations and memorandum of October 9, 1975), At best , this action tvoulcl be
a stop -(;;1p measure akin to treating a deep knife wound with a band --aid.
1'o sum up, with respect to the failure of septic tank systems. there are two cause and
effect relationships operating within the Brookwood survey arca. For Blocks 2 and 3
of Brookwood Subdivision, the equation looks like this:
CAUSE (i'rimary: age -Secondary physiographic factors) = EFFECT (Septic
tank failure necessitating upgrading and/or pumping. Corrective action. by
and large. successful) .
For Bloci; 1 and the east side of Block 4, the appropriate equation is:
CAUSE (primary: the combined influence of physiographic factor's - Secondary:
ago) _ EFFECT (Sceptic lank failure necessitating upgrading :and/or pumping.
Corrective action. by and large. unsuccessful).
C:onc111(1incy Remarks
The Stn•vival data 011(1 ((lrVe provide Oyer, hcltttin1r evi(lenee that the Widespread
(Ccln'rence Of septic tans: failures Within the liroOl:Wc,,,cl Survey :,era is l:trg'cly
attrihutalhle to factors other 111:11 ;age, Along the south and east sides of Rainbow
r.
I..
DRAIHAGL• PATiLRNS
I'.I
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L i=C-.11\111
FILL AREAS
• • (1 A/)
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r
•
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,. |�
4, i') /
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m
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/
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Source: R. P. Neale, memo.
•
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Avenue, the situ;►tint such that the residents arra eon!Ate(' with both an
existing and I►otcnt►nt health hazard. In the first instance, there arc the obvious
(Innrors presented by overflowing setters nrtcl sewage s;t;rnctittl; in 11U(lclles on the
sut'face Of tho 1;'ronncl. For esnn►plo • ono individual responding to the survey
suited that she was ;►frr►id to let hor children play in the backyard because the
latter situation was n c•nntinuaf prol)len►. Secondly , there r•Nist,; the potential
for cmntr►n►ination of the community water system through infiltration of what is
essentially rats' sewage into ground w;►ter•supplies .
On tile issue or. public there was a gene,r;►I cottsrinsns among survey
resl►ondhnts that it tt';ts needed badly. \lost were hard pressed to understand why
it had not heart put hi tont;' ;ri;•n.
References
1. HydroloE,ry for Land -Use Planning: The Hillside Area, Anchoragf.` Alaska..
Prepared by Larry I,. Dearborn and tVi11iaaan 11a J.nrnivell for the United ,States
Department of the interior, Geological .Survey in cooperation with the Greater
Anchorage Area Borough. Open -File Report 75-105.
1
APPENDIX
oh.
•
1T;J: SURVIVAL ':.(IF'.'LY
This survey attempts to measure the operating success of septic tank
disposal systems in the surveyed arca.
A septic tank 1s.considered to have failed if sewage daylights (appears) on the
surface of the ground. This indicat.cs that the drain field 1s not absorbing the
sewage properly. A failure can eiLhi•r• he compete, me,rninu the sewage continues
to accumulate on the surface .-(;1' it long period of Llli;e, or periodic, meaning failure
occurs periodically fol lo.. erl hy re.ahsorp1ion. 1n addition, having to pump a
system more than once n year also constitutes a failure. --` -
1. Location of hone
2.,Number of bedrooms
3. Is the existing system
y.torthL original system? Lem?
Yes No Doesn't !:now
4. Do you know in what. year the existing system was installed?
Year Doesn't Know .
5. Has the existing system ever failed? Yes No
6. If yes, in what year and season did it initially fail?
YearSeason Doesn't: Know
7. If yes, 1• :as any corrective action taken? Yes No
3. If yes, what was dune? -
a. Septic tank pumped _
b. New trench or drain 1 ieid duij
c. Other
9. Has it failed since that time? Yes No
10. At what time of year docs it generally fail (i.e., spring, summer, fall
or winter)
11. How many times has the system been pumped?
12. Additional remarks
fll?1112;AT a d ►I'�Tr:Efiei, l►a67/1 PATiZI A r1. .OJGH
E ORAND Pi fill
TO: Rolf R. Strickland, Administrative Officer
FROM: • Robert P. Neale, Environmental Control Officer III
DATE: October 9, 1975 •
SUBJECT: Brookwood Subdivision
Brookwood Subdivision has had a record of high water tables for many
years. Septic systems have normally only failed during the extremely'
high water table periods; they now have begun to fail for much longer.
periods of time. _
The water table scene; to be getting increasingly higher, with no relief
in sight. I feel the reason for the gradually increasing problem is
because of the filling operation being carried out behind, and directly
.bordering, Rainbow Avenue.
.The south side of the street seems to be the only area experiencing the
high water table problem. • The filling operation is putting an increasing
pressure in the swampy area between Iiuf.fthan Road and Rainbow Avenue.
The small drainage stream in this swamp cannot drain the swamp fast
enough, thus keeping the water table high for a longer period of time.
'There is no way to prove that the filling operation on the adjoining
property is the only cause of the higher water table, but I feel it is
most -likely the main contributing factor. There•is an actual moving
stream behind Rainbow Avenue homes, so it is impossible to completely
block off the watery area uphill of their property, although it might
be -possible to ask the people who are land filling to fill the upper
end of the swampy arca first, leaving just enough room for the stream
to pass through. This plight help restrict drainage water from entering
the swamp in the first place, thus slowing down or lowering the water
table of the area. This water alight Lhcn seek new surface drainages,
and thus not enter the swampy area initially.
Enclosed is a rough sketch portraying the area in question.
Attatclunent
nrl fY"tf 1 1 /41
�� jam,
•• � •
Robert:. L P. Neale
Environmental Control Officer III
L:73 ri c
A
WEPT. OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSE1id'ATION
SOUTHCENTRAL REGIONAL OFFICE
Mr. John Simpson
c/o Henry Waterfield. W. P.E.
330 L
Anchorage, AK 99501
Dear Mr. Simpson:
JAY S. HAMMOND, GOVERNOR
338 DENALI STREET
MacKAY BUILDING, ROOM 1205
ANCHORAGE 99501
May 10, 1976
MUNICIPALITY OF ANCHORAGE
DEPT. OF HEALTH &
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
MM 12
RECEIVED
This is in response to last week's inquiry involving the
Brookwood Subdivision and its flooding, sewage and potential
health problems. I understand that representatives of the
Municipality's Environmental Quality Department have visited
the subdivision and are aware of the problems you mentioned.
During the week of May 3, 1976 the Environmental Quality
Department cited a resident of the subdivision for environ-
mental pollution. They were fined $300.00.
With the Municiplaity aware and currently involved in trying
to correct Brookwood's pollution problems, they seemingly
are in the better position to help you and direct the home
owners on means for correcting other difficulties as it
regards to.flooding and sewage control. Shouldthe water
table be too high to permit use of a seepage pit and/or
field then a holding tank may be the answer. With regards
to flooding,the Municipality may want to respond to Mr. Rock -
ford's plans to deepen the ditch abutting the backyards of
homes on Rainbow Avenue. Should your efforts on behalf of
the Brookwood Subdivision continue I recommend you direct
further inquires to the Environmental Quality Department.
In view of Rockford's plans this year to add more fill to
this existing lot, you may wish to contact Mr. Tisdel of the
State Division of Land since he reportedly is aware of the
situation. His counseling on the matter could be of interest
to you in your desire to help the Brookwood residents.
Sincer
S. . Cyr
Environmental Field, Officer
cc: Dept. of Environmental Quality
Anchorage Municipality
sv
M!Jilicipality of Anchoruge
MEMORANDUM
DATE: April 19, 1976
TO: Brookwood Subdivision File
FROM: Principal Environmental Control Officer
SUBJECT: Update on Brookwood Subdivision Problem
On Friday, April 16, 1976, I accompanied Mr. John Simpson, a
representative of the H.A.L.O., Huffman Area Land Owners, to
the Rockford Corporation's landfilling operation off of Huffman
Road. This fill is directly behind the Brookwood Subdivision
which has a high water table problem.
A report, I filed last year, explained that the filling operation
is pushing back some of the ground and surface water towards
Brookwood Subdivision, but the area in which they are filling
presently isn't affecting the existing conditions. The Rockford
Corporation had placed a ditch completely around their property
six or seven years ago for the purpose of carrying any runoff
away from other landowners, but due to soil conditions the ditch
hasn't been completely successful.
After a long discussion with Mr. Rockford, we decided that if the
ditch were rerouted to an area away from the backside of Brookwood
it could remove water from a swamp area at the conjunction of the
two properties. Mr. Rockford was extremely co-operative and has
volunteered to provide the land and $500 towards the cost of an
estimated $3,000 to lease a large backhoe and operator for excavation.
At this time, Mr. Simpson and the H.A.L.O. group will be contacting
the homeowners of Brookwood Subdivision and the Klatt Aggregate
Company to find out if they will bear their share of the cost. I
feel that Mr. Rockford has been extremely co-operative and that he has
done about all we could ask of him. He was also advised about
having the proper permits to carry on his filling operation and
he would send a man out to apply for whatever permits he would need.
Robert P. Neale
Principal Env gnmental Control Officer
RPN/ljh
-P ,i# C� j?gip
DATE:
T' 4'SDAY MAR 1 6 1976
Municipality of Anchorage �:� �'1
�
March 12, 1976
MEMORANDUM
TO; Dr. A.B. Colyar, Director
THROUGH: Dr. Leroy C. Reid, Deputy Directo
FROM: Chief Sanitarian
SUBJECT:
File No.: 4-1
Brookwood Subdivision - Health Hazard
6"fi)
This subdivision is 1/4 mile east of the Old Seward Highway on Huffman Road.
It was developed in the late 1950's with a community water system. The lots
average 12,000 square feet and on-site sewage disposal has been used to date.
Over the years as the subdivision has continued to develop the problems of
ground saturation and on-site sewage system failure have increased. The
soils in a majority of the area are a clay -silt type and surface ground water
is a problem.
During November, 1975 our department conducted an epidemiological survey
of this area (see attachment) .
This subdivision needs public sewer this year. In order to expedite this
matter and alleviate a serious public health problem I am asking that the
subdivision be declared a public health hazard.
The people circulated a petition for public sewer a couple of years ago but
nothing came of it.
Our department has discussed this problem with numerous homeowners
and they do not see why they have to tolerate these conditions. There are
sewer systems that have to be pumped weekly to prevent overflowing and
we routinely have to remind homeowners to maintain proper pumping
frequency.
This subdivision must be given priority for public sewers this year to solve
a serious public health hazard.
Declaring a public health hazard is one of the first steps toward getting public
sewer extended to serve this area.
olf' Strickland, R.S.
Chief Sanitarian
RS / lw
Attachment
cc: Dale Merrell, Manager Sewer and Water Utility
:love -0)0r 18, 1975
Rolf Strickland, It .S . , Chief Sanitarian
Environmental i ontrol Ofico.
lircokwoot1 Subdi i4gon rpidemio1ogient Study
Attached is P. report on tho results of thf4 survoy I conducted to gather information
on the operational history of septics tank s,lwnge disposal systems in Brookwood
Subdivision. The data was analyzed using. the Winneberri; r "Survival Curve"
technique, with additional explanatory material drawn from three other sources
noted in the text of the report.
dl~iwrenee A. Jon'as
Environmental Control officer
E1'IUJ;i1110L0G1CAL STUDY O1' S1?1''1'10-'1'AN1< SU'RV1\'Al. FOR 1iR001<1'1'OOD SU13.1)IViSION
Purpose:
To determine the operational success of septic tank on --site sewage disposal systems
in the surveyed area. The data obtained establish the extent and loe;rtion of problems
and are utilized to construct t ;1 "survival curve" for the systems in the surveyed area.
The )procedure i.itili•red in this study for constructing a septic -tank survival curve was
;adapted from an article by John T. 1Vinneberger, , Ph.D. , which appeared in the July/
August, 1.975 issue of the Journal of Environmental health.
Survey Area
Originally the study was to include only Brookwood Subdivision, which is located off
of Gregory Street just north of Ii1.lffnnin Rodd in Anchorage, Alaska. however', some
additional home owners adjacent to but not in Brookwood Subdivision were also
contacted (see Figure 1) .
Procedure
A door-to-door survey was conducted. 1.bich home owner was given the opportunity to
complete the survey either immediately or send it back to the Department in a stamped
return envelope. If no one was found who could at least deliver the survey to the
owner, it was left, Whel'o it could be found easily, with ;1 return envelope end
instructions (survey included in appendix) .
Definitions of Septic 'Can): Failure
A septic tank is considered to have foiled if sewage daylights (nppears) on the surface
of the ground. This indicates. that the drain field is not absorbing the sewage properly.
A failure can either be complete, meaning the sewage continues to' accumulate over a long
period of time, or periodic, meaning failure occurs periodically followed by reabsorption.
In addition, having to pump a system more than once a year also constitutes a failure.
Survey Statistics
Number of surveys delivered: 56
Number of surveys returned: 51
Percentage returned: 79 ,
0
Introductory Comments
Prior to undertaking this survey , there had been n well documented history of complaints
relating to the unsatisfactory operation of septic tanks in llroolci\'oocl Subdivision. A
petition to create n Lateral lnrprovcnlclit District, which would make public server available
to the subdivision, has been approved by the property owners. Before the petition could
be approved by the then Borough Assembly , an ordinance was passed which placed n
moratorium on any further public sewering of the "hillside Arca" until a comprehensive
FIGURE 1
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.Enid use plan was developed, which could 1)0 used to guide development.
The latter action has, in effect, left the residents of Brookwood with no recourse.
This being the case, it was not surprising that the reaction to the taking of this sur ey
was generally favorable. It was explained to those being surveyed that the findings
would help to determine if there did exist an immediate or p0tcrltial health ha::nrd.
W17lien analyzing' the results of the survey , in rel:rtiorl to the predominant physiog•raphie
characteristics occul't'ing in the sul'Ve\' :U'ea, pertinent information and :analysis were.
dr;nvn from the following three sources:
1.. A recent report (open file report 75-105) entitled, Ilydrolo y for Lnnd--
Use Planning: The hillside Area , Anchorage, Alaska prepared by the
U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey in cooperation with the
Greater Anchorage Area Borough;
2.. A topographic asap or the survey area prepared 1)v s't'alker Alaska, Inc.
of Anchorage, Alaska from :a 1074 aerial photograph;
3. A memorandum prepared by Robert P. Neale, Environmental Control Officer III,
concerning an on-site investigation he conducted within the survey cu'ca. The
aerial photograph and memorandum arc included in the appendix to this report.
Construction and Interpretation of the Septic -Tank Survival Curve
A septic -tank survival curve is constructed from data which provides information 0n the
operational history of existing and past septic systems in the survey area. Along with
the age of all systems which have failed, the age of all existing satisfactorily operating
systems is determined. In those .instances where a system failed and either a new system
was installed or the existing system was upgraded, the resulting system is considered a
new system and its age is calculated accordingly.
The hitter data are grouped into age intervals. The size of the cage intervals varies
depending upon the overall age of development in the survey arca. Systems which
have failed fall into one or these intervals based on their age at the time of initial
failure. Successfully operating systems will likewise have reach0d a particular age
interval at the time the survey is taken.
This operational data for Brookwood Appears in 'fable 1. A three year time interval was
chosen because it provided for 0 good data spread. In calculating the age of systems at
the time of initial failure alyd the age of those thick had successfully operated, any part
of a year was considered to be :1 full year of operation.
The next step in constructing a septle-tank survival c1.11'V0 111 volves making a determination
of that percentage of systems which continues to operate into successive age intervals.
These surviving' percentages :110 then plotted against. time to obtain the survival curve
for the septic -tank systems in the Brookwood survey area.
The follott'ing; procedurce and calculations ar0 used to determine the surviving percentages
for each age interval (set '1':11]10 11) .
OPER/\ IONAL DATA FOR THE BROOKWOOD SURVEY AREA
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1 . Hy adding number of systems which had fa,,.ecl and were working in •
each age interval,. find both the irulrrbel' i,f iustnllations in each age
interval and the total number of installations.
2. Find the number of installations reaching each age group. This is ac=
complislied by taking the total number.' of installations as the starting
point (i.e., all systems reached the first age interval), subtracting
the number of installations in the first til;'e interval to get the number
reaching; the second age interval, mid sir 00 until the number reaching
the final age group is found.
3. find the total number of systems which failed in each age group.
4. For each age interval calculate a failing quotient by dividing the
number of systems which failed in each age interval by the number of'
systems which reached that age interval.
5. To find the percentage of systems surviving in eneh age interval, the
percentage of systems which failed in the preceding;' interval is subtracted
from the percentage of systems surviving into that interval. In the first age
interval, the surviving percentage is , of course, 100. The percentage of
systems which failed in the first age interval is found by multiplying the
failing quotient for the first age interval by 100.
The percentage surviving into the second age interval is found by sub-
tracting the percentage which failed in the first lige intervnl froth 100.
This gives the percentage of systems surviving into the second age interval.
Again in turn, the percentage which failed in the second age interval is
found by multiplying; the failing quotient for the second age interval by the •
percentage of systems surviving into the second age interval, and so on.
Before examining the survival data for the Brookwood survey area given in Table II, the
reader must realize that the operation of a septic tank system is not simply a question of
successful operation or failure. Systems generally have varying lifespans, depending
upon their design capacity, materials used, and soil absorption characteristics.
The severity of septic tank failures in the Brookwood survey area is evident from the data
in both Tables i and II. In 'fable I , with the exception of the ''over 1.5" age interval; within
each time period the number of installations which had failed exceeded the number of those
installmtions which were working satisfactorily.
One of the more surprising findings is that 31`, of the systems failed within the first
age interval, 0-3 years. 'I'o put it simply the data indicates 'that nearly a third of the
septic -tank systems installed in the Ilrool:woud survey area should fail prior to entering
their fourth year of operation, This rapid rate of attrition is characteristic of an area
experiencing serious septic -tank operational problems.
A comparison of the overall results to data from a simi1iar study done in Eagle River,
Alaska (i.e. , Eagle Valley Literal Improvement District 50-10) further substantiates
this conclusion. While the findings from the Brookwood survey suggest that just
slightly over 53'1, of the septie--tank systems installed in the survey area will continue
to operate satisfactorily into their seventh year of operation, the corresponding figure
for the study done in Eagle River was 74.46. Assuming that the equality of the septic -tank
installations in both study ovens is fairly uniform, this wide difference must be attribut-
able to variations in soil, topographical, and/or hydrological characteristics (Note: This
assumption is based on the fact that a Jnajol.• portion of the development in both subdivi-
sions occurred after 1968)
To obtain the septic -tank survival curve, the surviving percentage for each age interval
was plotted against time. The resulting curve is pictured in Figure 2. You will note that
the 100% surviving point was plotted at time 0-3 years. The curve does indicate that the
failure of septic -tank systehls in the 13rookwood study area displays the expected direct
relationship (i.e. , the probability of failure increases witli the passage of time) . Apart
from the inconsistent jump in the 13-15 year age interval, the graph is ncarly'a straight
line. 11 does suggest that fcw systems will operate successfully for over. 15 years.
It must be reemphasized that the surviving percentages and the survival curve constructed
from them show nothing more than the probable rate of septic -tank failure based on the
data gathered from the survey. While it does provide a valuable piece of information for
making policy decisions regarding' the continued use of septic -tank systems in the survey
area, the survival data, as presented, docs not help to explain why, apart from the
effects of age, why the failures are occurring.
In attempting to answer the 'question why, information on the general soil, topography,
and hydrological characteriSties of the survey area must be coupled with information
describing the location and distribution of the failures, the nature and the extent of each
failure , and the apparent cause of each failure.
General Comments:
Location of Failures:
The location of each septic -tank failure in the Brookwood study nrea.is shown in Figure 3.
There is a further differentiation made between those systems which are now failing
(darkened F) and those which have failed in the past but are now operating satisfactorily
(darkened S). An asterisk appears where the existing system is not the. original but an
upgrade of the original or a previous system. No Asterisk indicates that pumping has been
the only corrective action taken.
The most serious problems are occurring along. Rainbow Avenue in Blocks 1 and 4 of
Brookwood Subdivision. A Majority of the home owners have been unable to correct
their failing systems.
FIGJRE 2
100
SURVIVAL CURVE FOR THE B OOI;I.AOOD SURVEY AREA
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N114,va owner pc' •EEnonli Iacic<< t63erna}tion
l f ve,ca4 oc ,��cvE Rod rekw-necl.
Nature and Extent of The failures
In order to better understand the implications of the distribution pictured in Figure 3,
a further explanation of the (lath is needed. An examination find a comparison of•the
operational history nrld present operating status of the systems , by block , would seem
most appropriate.
'flier( ore n total of twenty homes located in Block 1 of Brookwood Subdivision; valid
(lata was collected for fourteen of these homes. All of the 110010 owners stated that
their septic tank systems hod failed or were foiling. Only three individuals hod been
able to correct the deficiencies in their systems. In (rich case this was accomplished
by upgrading the original system. Two of the systems were over cif; -ht years old at
the time of upgrading; the third system had been in operation for four years.
Three of the 11 septic tank systems that are now- failing in block 1 were upgrades of
the original systems. Therefore, the total number of fai lures among the fourteen homes
surveyed was seventeen. This gives a failing percentnf;'e (not related to survival curve
calculations) of 85`;; just within Block 1 of Brookwood Subdivision.
The age data for the fourteen systems that hove been installed nt the 11 sites which are
now foiling indicate that old nge•is not the reason for the high incidence of failure. Only
four of the systems had been in operation for more than three yenrs prior to failure.
Another four failed in their first year of operation.
As in block 1, there hove been a significant number of system failures in Blocks 2
and 3 of Brookwood Subdivision. Out of the 18 home owners who responded to the
survey, 15 noted that their system had failed . however, only three of these individuals
were unsuccessful when they attempted to correct the situation. In all but one instance,
the home owners who were successful had upgraded their system by installing a new
drain field or trench. Three additional frlilur'Os were added into the record because
one satisfactorily operating upgraded system was not an upgrade of the original system
and two upgraded systems are presently failing.
Unlike those failures in block 1, the failures in blocks 2 and 3 are, no doubt, due
primarily to the age of' the systems. As was noted previously, nil but four of the
failures in block 1 occurred within three years riIter instal1ntion. In contrast, 16
out of the 18 system failures in Blocks 2 and 3 took place after the third year of
operation.
The pattern and frequency of septic tank fnilures in Block 4 of Brookwood Subdivision
is very similar to thrit found for block 1. All of the failures, save one, have occurred
on the east side of ltclinbow Avenue and all of these systems ]hive continued to foil after
upgrading. In actual numbers, five of the ten respondents from block 4 reported thnt
their existing system was 1'nilillt; .. '110re were a total of 11 fnilnres recorded for block 4
because all the presently failing systems are upgrades of the original systems which
failed .
As'was the case for block 1, the age distribution of the failures in block 4 does not
correlate with the high incidence of failure (i.e. , 9 of the 11 failures occurred within
the first three years of operation)`.
With re$pect to the re1,,,tining portion of the survey nre,l , 1,10 most significant finding
is that systems on lots directly behind and nd acen1 to lets 00 the oast side of block 4
have f;licd or :ioc failing.
A summary of' the failure -to -age (Iain for each of the blocks in Brookwood Subdivision
and the remaining portion of they survey is given in 'fable 111. Note the correspondence
between the data for Blocks 1 and 4 (13i'Ookwood) ;and Blocks 2 and 3 (Brookwood) .
While in the latter, age appears' to be the prinn:lry 1'r1cto1.' lending to f;tilt.n e , in the
former , there is: a strong: indiction that factors other thou age me causing premature
failure.
Another pleasure of the degree to which ;t system has failed is the frequency at which
n system must be pumped. Many of the respondents could not begin to count the number
of times their systems had been/!pumped. For example, the people living on the upper
end of bock 1 pump their systems, on the average, ;ibout twice a month.
As woul l he expected, the frequency of pupping increases significantly in the spring
when runoff is heavy. 'There was aiso a general consensus ;unolrg the respondents
that fall teas 0 particularly difficult period.
Characteristics of The Physical Environment
Much of the following discussion concerning the physical environmental characteristics
of the survey area w;1s inferred from the findings and data presented in the previously
noted U (aS publication, Ilvd1olO y For 1,111(1-1.Ise Planning: The lfillsido Area,
AnchorAlaska. Direct transfer of data was not possible because the area
described in the publication lies directly west of the I3rookwood survey boundnrics,
However, W11e11 making interpretations and recommendations, l.he authors generally
extrapol tted their findings to include the entire Ilillside area.
"The general hillside area consists of westward sloping load that is bordered by
'l'llrnagaln Arm on the south and, west and by the Chugach Mountains on the east"
(1lillside Study , p. 1) . This area is pictured in -Figure 4.
The two primary purpose` of this discussion are: 1. '1'o fnnniliarize the reader with the
general physiographic characteristics of the Brookwood survey arca, and 2. '1'o introduce
possible explanations for the septic tank operational history , as presented thus far, based
00 the prevailing physiographic features.
The three physiographic features that have the greatest influence on the operation of
septic to ales in any p:1rticulnr 11000 are the predomill;lnt soil types present and the
prevailil g topographical and hydrological characteristics.
Unconsolidated glacial sediments comprise most of the sul'fici;il deposits in the Hillside
area, Gonernlly these unconsolidated materials contain poorly sorted rock particles
and have low permeability (llillaide Study , p. 3) .
From reViewing the soil test records for the study area, it appears that the goner:tl
surficial soil types 111 the hrtu kwood survey arc;1 would ho cl;issified as unconsolidated
TABLE III
FAILURE -TO -AGE DATA
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FIGURE
U.S.G.S. STUDY AREA
Source: Hillside Study,
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VCRED BY REPORT-
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EPORT
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glacial deposits, cO mnonly refNrred to as till. Under an organic overburden, which
varies Trona nearly zet'o to three feet thiels , the soil is described as a 1,•ray elly to fine
sand. For the Most part, this ,;ind is not "clean", meaning it contains varying amounts
of silt and clay. Upon further [examination, a very significant locational pattern,. relating
to soil suitability for on-site sewage disposal, emerged. The surficial sands and gravels
in Blocks 2 find 3 of I3roOkwoo4 Subdivision are relatively clean to very clean. In contrast,
those of I31ock 1 and on the east side of Block 4 contain .moderate to high levels of silt and clay
As the percentage of silt and c llay increase in sandy soils, the soils' capacity to absorb
liquids increases, but their ability to percolate and, thereby , drain off liquids decreases.
1)u ring times or heavy surface runoff, these types of soils ran easily become saturated
(11illsi.de Starady, p 26) Meier i, lies ;a partial explanation for the high incidence of
failure and the short operatiowll lifespans of septic tank installations in the latter two
areas.
Topographic configtarrtions and hydrologic drainage patterns that are commonly
associated with unconsolidated glacially derived deposits in the llillside area are
summarized in Table IV , along with their impact on liquid waste disposal: • The
conditions outlined tnade:r each k)f the headings describe fairly accurately the
conditions that do e'ist .n the lirookwood study area.
To provide a better picture of the topographic features and resulting drainage pattern,
0 recent topcigraphic anal of the survey area was included in the appendix. It will
help the reader to niore fully understand the discussion which follows.
A large portion of the survey area is , in fact, located en land having 0 southwesterly
slope of less than 1 percent. Slopes of greater than 5 percent occur in the following
two locations: 1. Running northwest to southeast across the western half and south-
east corner of Block 4 , 131rookwOod Subdivision; and 2. Immediately behind Lots 4, 5,
and 6 of Blocks 1 Brookwood Subdivision.
Outside the boundaries. of the stirvey ,area there are c;ignificant topographic features
that also influence the resulting',drainage pattern. The most striking of these is the
sharp down-slope directly west land south of Gregory Road (i.e., slopes of from
5-15 percent on the south and 25-45 on the west) .
The other interesting feature is the presence of what is referred to as hummocky
topography south of Rainbow AvIenue. An ;area of hummocky topography is so
designated because a wide range of slopes occur simultaneously in one area. "Slopes
range from nearly flat on the tope of hills and bottoms of depressions to steep on hill-
sides" (Ilillside Study p . 31) .
To summarize, the Brookwood syarvey ;area is located 00 the western edge of what is
essentially n glacial out -wash plan. '1'hac general location of this outwash plain can be
seen in Figure 5.
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The drninge pattern in the survey arca is such- that the land area immediately behind
Rainbow Avenue, running south from RItitt Roacl, receive the naajority of the runoff
coming from the upper ,areas to the west. A small stream nctnally runs behind the
properties. The stream drains away from the properties south of Rainbow Avenue
(sec Figure 6) . Inadequate drainage of this adjacent lane( is the majorfactor
contributing to the failure of septic tank.systems along Rainbow Avenue.
Man-made alterations of the drainage pattern h;r\'e compounded the problem by further
hindering the soils' ability to absorb surface water runoff. This man -caused alteration
involves 0 land filling operation taking place in and around the land south of' Rainbow
Avenue. The location of the major and minor fill ;areas arc pictured in Figure 7. (Robert
P. Neale field observations and memorandum of October 9, 1175). Apart from decreasing
the total effective area available for absorption, the weight of the fill is further restricting
subsurface percolation of the surface water which is absorbed. These man-made
alterations of the already poor drainage conditions, coupled with the existing poor soil
conditions, have combined to raise the ground water table.
It would be conjecture to say that the effluent not being absorbed by the failing septic
tank systems is flowing into the primary ground water.' supply serving the subdivision's
community well system. 'There is the possibility- that conditions ;are such that a somewhat
artificial but isolated water table has been produced. • None -the -less, the potential for
contamination of the drinking water supply does exist.
It may be possible to partially improve the drainage problems by completely filling the
existing swampy arca leaving just enoul:;'h room 'to allow for free flow cif' the stream. The
upper end of the swampy area would be filled initially. This would restrict the flow of
runoff into the area and, in time , hopefully lower the water table (Robert P. Neale
field observations and memorandum of October 9, 1975) . At best, this ;fiction would be
a stop -gap measure akin to treating a deep knife wound with a band-aid.
To sum up, with respect to the failure of septic tank systems , there are. two cause and
• effect relationships operating within the lirookwood survey area. For Blocks 2 and 3
of Brookwood Subdivision, the equation looks like this:
CAUSE (Primary: age -Secondary physiographic factors) = EFFECT (Septic
tank failure necessitating upgrading and/or pumping. Corrective action, by
and large, successful) .
For I3lock 1 and the east side of Block 4, the appropriate equation is:
CAUSE (Primary: the combined influence of physiographic factors - Secondary:
age) = l I'1'ECT (Septic -tank failure_ necessitating upgrading and/or pumping.
Corrective action, by and large, unsuccessful) .
Concluding Remarks
•The survival data and curve provide overwhelming evidence that the widespread
occurrence of septic tank failures within the Brookwood survey area is largely
attributable to factors other than age. Along thesiout hi and east sides of Rainbow
f-/6UKL 6
DRAIN8GL PATTERNS
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fdeale, memo.
Avenue, the situation such that the residents are eonfr•t ed with both an
ezistital; and potential henitl) hazard. In the first instance, there are, the ol)viot_as
dangers presented by overflowing;• sOt\'ea's ,uad s(!tV21(,,'e stnatclinl;' in puddles on the
surface of the t;•rcauncl. for example, one individual responding; to the survey
stnted that she t\';as ;afraid to let her children play in the h;acicynrd because the
latter situation v;is 0 continual problem. Secondly, there exists Hie polrntinl
for contamination of the community water system througyh infilt.r;ition of what is
essentially row sewnl;e into l;•rcauncl water supplies.
On the issue of public seiverinly , theme was n ggenernl consensus among survey
respondents that it 'was needed badly. :11ost were hard pressed to aancler.stand why
it had not been 1)01 in long ragyo.
1
1�cf(?relle OS
1. Ilydrolooy for Land -Use Pl,annin_g' The Hillside Area, Anchorage, Alaska.
Prepared by Larry L. Dearhorn and 11'i ]li;irn W Barnwell fot' the United States
Department. of the Interior, Geo1ogical .Survey in cooperation with the`Greater
Anchorage Area Borough. Open -Pile Report 75-105.
1
�Lyl|C TANK SUKYiVa SURV[Y
This survey attempts to measure -the operating success of septic tank
disposal syst0US in the surveyed :area.
A s2ptic tank is considered to have failed if sewoye'ayliUhts /0pp08 s\ on the
surface of the ground. This indicates that the dr0iD�fiCld iS not Jb[U'biog the
sewage properly.-: A failure coolciLher be complete, meaning the sewage continues
to accumulate on the sm'kucn for o long period 0( time, or periodic, n2Ooing [3ilu,re
occurs periodically followed byro0|`s0r|`ti0n. In addition, having to pump O
system more than once d year also constitutes a failure.
1. LOcat1 of home
! /
2. �NU0ber\1f bedrooms
J. Is the ::!eXistiny system the original system?
Yes: . N 0 UVUm'i N'ow_______
4. Do you ]kOOw in what_ year the existing iy3L xV8S installed?
Year Doesn't, Know
5. Has th `existing system ever failed? Yes / No
� -_-_-
6. If yes,- in What year and season did it initially fail?Year, .5eason Jloesn't Know:
[� �
7. If yes„was any corrective action taken? YC No
i ---------
O. If yes , -what was done?
a. Septic tank pumped._
b. trench or dr4j ----'---
o. her �_----
D. Has it failed since that time? Yes , No
10. At what time of year does it generally fail /i .e. ` spring, summer, fall
or winr\ `
11. How many times has the 'system been pumped?
12. Additional rem.o'kl
----�-
EATEE AN "°EHME . EA:. . ➢UGH
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
SUBJECT:
Rolf /14 Strickland, Administrative Officer
Robert P. Neale, Environmental Control Officer IIx
October 9, 1975
Brookwood Subdivision
Brookwood Subdivision has 1iad a record of high: water tables for many
years. Septic systems have normally only failed during the extremely
high water table periods; they now have begun to fail for much longer.
periods of time.
The water table seems to be getting increasingly higher, with no relief
in sight. I feel the reason for the gradually -increasing problem is
because of the filling operation being carried -out behind, and directly
bordering, Rainbow Avenue.
The south side of the street -,seems to be the only area experiencing the
high water table problem. Te filling operation is putting an increasing
pressure in the swampy area between IIuffman Road and Rainbow Avenue.
The small drainage stream in this swamp cannot drain the swamp fast
enough, thus keeping the water table high for a longer period of time.
There is no way to prove that. the filling operation on the adjoining
property is the only cause of: the higher water table, but 1 feel it is
most likely the main contributing factor.- There is an actual moving
stream behind Rainbow Avenue homes, so it is impossible to completely
block off the watery area uphill of their, property, although it might
be possible to ask the people who are land filling to fill the upper
end of the swampy area first, leaving just enough room for the stream
to pass through. This might help restrict-. drainage water from entering
the swamp, in the first place,: thus slowing down or lowering the water
table of the area. This water might then'.seek;new surface drainages,
and thus not enter the swampy area initially.
Enclosed is a rough sketch portraying the area in question.
Robert P. Neale
Environmental Control Officer III
Attatchment
A [1
(1""u11 /41
1771
•
•
IS
February 17, 1977
Department of Public Works
Public Services Division
Project Development Section
Environmental Services manager
Brookwood Subdivision
After many psporta of failing on-site sewer systems and
contaminated wells the Borough Department of Environmental
Quality °oeeducted a survey of septic tank disposal systems
in Brookwood Subdivision in the fall of 1975. This survey
was conducted by Lawrence A. Jones, Environmental control
Officer and the results of that survey with supporting data
of findings are attached. This study was instituted in
October, 1975 and concluded November 16, 1975.
On April 30, 1976, Dr. A.B. Colyar (then Director of the
Department snt of Health and Environmental Protection) declared
and published a "Notice of Health Hazard and declaration of
Public Nuisance.
The situation with individual ani -site serer systems in this
subdivision have continued to fail and it is imperative that
corrective action be taken as expeditiously as possible.
Please consider this an official request to the project
Development Section of the Public Services Division, _Department
of Public Works to develop an LIQ to serve Brookwood Subdivision
Joseph $.. Bla
Environmental ental s. i ass $an
J$8/1 j1a
Attachments
NUISANCE COMPLAINT FORM
('c,ra�l.�LU.-tit's Name
Street Address: 92/
Phone IkI., � ,/c5g.113ox No.
_Pocription of Complaint:
Name of Person Against Whom Complaint is Made:
Owner of Property Where Nuisance Exists:
Owner's Address:
Location of Complaint:
Phone No. 3 /3‘ c--
Person Receiving Complaint:
Street Add
Date: //2- _ el
I certify that such statement of facts is true to the best of my belief and know-
ledge. I request that the foregoing matter be investigated and that appropriate
action thereafter be taken. I am willing to testify to the facts stated in the
foregoing complaint in court if necessary.
Complainant
Live atigat or:
REPORT OF ACTION TAKEN
Date Investigated:
Action Taken:
DATE COMPLAINANT WAS CALLED REGARDINq DISPOSITION OF COMPLAINT:
April 8, 1969
Hr. Damon Wads
2428 East 20th
Anchorage, Alaska 99504
SUBJECT: Sewer and Water
Facilities - Lot 4, Block 5
Brookwood Subdivision for
Five Bedroom House
Dear Mr. Wades
The Greater Anchorage Area Borough Health Department
has examined the photographs submitted of the sewer
system serving the subject residence and hereby gives
approval of the system.
The water supply its from the Brookwood Subdivision
community well and is approved by this Department.
Sincerely,
DAVID R. L. AMC
Medical Director
BY:
RRS/err
M. D.
RoiY t. stria:kland, . S.
Sanitarian
01,
_4..1; ac�r/[il`�cc' � lieif'd-u _dt
/u G( -rte rt�'r1 f /2/y
/////f
cA
Fr.
Larry Rayl' t 1 i ]rams
i1 -l4 Pai-ntiow /Yax
An.chora:p, Alaska. j9562
G2
Dear Mr. Williams:
SUBJECT: nverflowi.ii ; Sewa e
at 1914 iainbew Street
11i Greater Anchorage Aron "orou h Health Department received
a complaint of overflowing sewage at 1914 Rainbow Avenue on
" oveml,or 6, 1969. Personnel of the foalth Depart'nent made
an inspection of the subject premises on November 7, 1969
and the overflowing sewage was noted. At the time of the
inspection, 'irs. Williams was contacted and she informed
the 'J lth Department e cess ..nt«tivt_'s t-11(‘ ser't!.c t`.�nk
was malfunctioning and that the situation should be corrected
by Monday, November 10, 1969. nn November 17, 1969, a rc in-
spoction was rade by the Health Department Personnel and the
situation had not been corrected although the seepage pit had
been ;lumped.
The discharge of Sewage onto the surface of the ,,round is in
direct conflict with Borough Ordinance #7,9-6P, and as such is
punishahlc as a misdemeanor.
Because of weather conditions Taking work on the sewer system
difficult at this time, you are hereby requested to kce � tije
sewer system free from overflow by frequent pumping until
weather conditions are again such that the present sewer sy-
stem can be rejuvenated. In the interim, any reoccurance of
overflowing sewage will result in prompt legal action by this
Pe,artrnent .
J L:rn
Sincerely,
DAVID) R. L. DtJNCAN, .'1.!).
"cyclical Director
UV:
John I. 'Loe, tf, r.
Sanitarian
RECEIPT FOR CERTIFIED MAIL ---20¢
EXTRA SERVICES FOR ADDITIONAL FEES Deliver to
Return Receipt Addressee Only
Shows to whom Shows to whom,
and when when, and where 50¢ fee
delivered delivered
U 10¢ fee ❑ 35¢ fee
POD Form 3800 NO NINSURANCE CQVERAGE OT FOR INTERNATIONAL PROVIDED (See other side)
Nov. 1964
POSTMARK
OR DATE
RECEIPT FOR CERTIFIED MAIC
EXT
Retur
Shows to whom
and when
A SERVI FOR ADDITIONAL
Receipt
'Shows to whom,
when, and where
delivered delivered
10¢ fee ❑ 35¢ fee
POD Form 3800
Nov. 1964
FEES
Deliver to
Addressee Only
50¢ fee
POSTMARK
OR DATE
NO INSURANCE COVERAGE PROVIDED— (See other side)
NOT FOR INTERNATIONAL MAIL
TIONS TO DELIVERING EMPLOYEE
w to whom, d fe, a ffelYv r ONLY
ss where d ivere 40\addressee
1041 charge req r ort ie services_
Cit
Receivedthe numb ed article described below.
E OR NAME OF ADDRESSEE (Mxstalwaysbefilled in)
REGISTERED NO.
2 -KY
CERTIFIED NO.
INSURED NO.
DA
E DELIVERED
G ATURE OF AD ESSEE'S AG NT, IF ANY
SHOW WHERE DELIVERED (only if requested)
066-16-71M8-10 GPO
POST OFFICEDEPARTMENT
Ill fAL BUSfNESS
POD Form 3811
INSTRUCTIONS: Show name and address below and
complete instructions on other side, where applicable.
Moisten gummed ends, attach and hold firmly to back
of article. Print on front of article RETURN
RECEIPT REQUESTED.
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE TO AVOID
PAYMENT OF POSTAGE, 8300
POSTMARK OF
DELIVERING QFFICg
Q:\�11JJ !!SS r .
tY
s
401. TO
NAME OF SENDER GREATER ANCHORAGE E AREA BOROUGH
HT -,.‘,ALT„ DEPARTMENT
STREET AND NO. OR P.O. BOX -l';' F" fiM'Cet
1l �ilz'sr_a ttl� E`
;L./1;5f-i4 2.9'iO4 RA
POST OFFICE, STATE, AND ZIP CODE
NUISANCE COMPLAINT FORM
.1!1, 1-a.3,u.u e ' s N ame : ,1.�i�2 C.G�
Street Address : _7' / 40 9`
_
Phan,, N^ J Y11 - S-% Box No.
Pnrrription of Complaint:
Ohl/
Owner of Property Where Nuisance Exists:
Owner's Address:
Location of Complaint
St �-
Perso Receiving Complaint:
Date: //:1—d, --
certify
/_certify that such stateme f facts is true to the best of my belief and know-
t'9ie V R/1 V
Name of Person Against Whom Complaint is Made:di(11-2-14;14a0,-r
Phone No.
ledge.
I request that the foregoing matter be investigated and that appropriate
action thereafter be taken. I am willing to testify to the facts stated in the
foregoing complaint in court if necessary.
4 atekele_a--
Complainant
1,1
lir3t i gator.
REPORT OF ACTION TAKEN
Date Investigated:
Action Taken:
DATE COMPLAINANT WAS CALLED REGARDIN, DISPOSITION OF COMPLAINT:
111
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Ccw)_n.inant' s Name:
Street Address:
NUISANCE COMPLAINT FORM
Phone No.3 0I -41 ? Box No. /„/,L
Description of Complaint:
Name of Person Against Whom Complaint is Made:
Owner of Property Where Nuisance Exists:
Owner's Address:
Location of Complaint:
Phone No.
Person Receiving Complaint:
Street Address:
Date: �,4d
I certify that such statement of facts is true to the best of my belief and know-
ledge. I request that the foregoing matter be investigated and that appropriate
action thereafter be taken. I am willing to testify to the facts stated in the
foregoing complaint in court if necessary.
Complainant
Investigator:
Date Investigate
Action Taken:
REPORT OF ACTION TAKEN
.2
7'
DATE COMPLAINANT WAS CALLED REGARDING DISPOSITION OF COMPLAINT:
NUISANCE COMPLAINT FORM
Complainant's Name: Cee/YX/M02-
Street Address: .S�-G•
Phone No.
Description of Complaint:
Box No.
9.0a
tl1 s-t1GlJ ��C r 'v��n£ c 444_0
Name of Person Against Whom Complaint is Made:
Owner of Property Where Nuisance Exists:
Owner's Address:
II.
Location of Complaint:
:..s%iwiirli - - - - ►ia/i r e
Phone No.
Person Receiving Complaint: /
Date:
Z
7 2
I certify that such statement of facts is true to the best of my be-
lief and knowledge. I request that the foregoing matter be investi-
gated and that appropriate action thereafter be taken. I am willing
to testify to the facts stated in the foregoing complaint in court
if necessary.
Complainant
Investigator:
REPORT OF ACTION TAKEN
Date Investigated:
Action Taken:
/7(.2- t-- •-)
DATE COMPLAINANT WAS CALLED REGARDING DISPOSUJON OF CO7LAINT:
_ „-
.Complainant's Name:
Street Address:
NUISANCE COMPLAINT FORM
/53 6 / %'E,
7LT9
Phone NoA e/2/-#06 Box No.
Description of Complaint: ,,--#-/?,07)
v� .?%fir %
Name of Person Against Whom Complaint is Made:
Owner of Property Where Nuisance Exists:
Owner's Address: Phone No.
Location of Complaint: 1 /Vp' 20o/e/
Person Receiving Complaint:
Street Address:
Date: ; -27-Z/
I certify that such statement of facts is true to the best of my belief and know-
ledge. I request that the foregoing matter be investigated and that appropriate
action thereafter be taken. I am willing to testify to the facts stated in the
foregoing complaint in court if necessary.
Complainant
'Investigator:
REPORT OF ACTION TAKEN
7 7
)ate Investigated;
ction Taken;
kC
:E CQMPLAINANT WAS CALLED REGARDING DISPOSITION OF COMPLAINT:-- _441:c
Comp.La.i.nant's Name:
Street Address:
NUISANCE COMPLAINT FORM
Phone NQ Y ;29 ,k Box No.
Description of Complaint:
7 z 3
:;//)
Name of Person Against Whom Complaint is Made:
Owner of Property Where Nuisance Exists: i*�
Owner's Address:
Location of Complaint:
Phone No.
Street Addr s :
Person Receiving Complaint:
I certify that such statement of
facts
is
Date:
true to the best of my belief and know-
ledge. I request that the foregoing matter be investigated and that appropriate
action thereafter be taken. I am willing to testify to the facts stated in the
foregoing complaint in court if necessary.
Complaina
Investigator:
REPORT OF ACTION TAKEN
)ate Investigated: /773/7/
ction Taken:
,a -y? hog*/
.........••••••••••.....•••••••••••
Pk -v n L" 5 14 -rfi
art 6-5 i) poYy peL,21,60
tot e
.41••••••••••••••.•
'E COMPLAINANT WAS CALLED REGARDING DISPOSITION OF COMPLAINT:
,.. Complainant's Name:
NUISANCE COMPLAINT FORM
1 C94/
Street Address: / g
Phone No3 /-(x(7'7 Box No.
Description of Complaint : ��,,w4e__,:e_e4te-Aoe
A 77rK/k7J
pe12-7L.$(-/1a
Name of Person Against Whom Complaint is Made:
Owner of Property Where Nuisance Exists:
Owner's Address: 1"one No.
Location of Complaint:
Person Receiving Complaint:
Street Address:
r
toe,10-(44'46q„ed,41-7
Date:
1 certify that such statement of facts is true to the best of my belief and know-
ledge. I request that the foregoing matter be investigated and that appropriate
action thereafter be taken. I am willing to testify to the facts stated in the
foregoing complaint in court if necessary.
Ytatti-otd Ltiv_ed
Comp
;re://5-,/
44a4iL/
Investigator:
REPORT OF ACTION TAKEN
)ate Investigated:
Action Taken:
404
:E COMPLAINANT WAS CALLED REGARDING DISPOSITION OF COMPLAINT: